Novel ShocksThroughout the 1950s, a coalition of developers, politicians, and planners bulldozed vast areas of land deemed slums or blighted to make way for freeways, public and private housing projects, cultural centers, and skyscrapers. While the program was national, New York was ground zero, and the demolition and monumental reconstruction of the city created a distinctive urban sensorium, rooted in the new segregated landscapes of prosperous white private