Transfers of Property in Eleventh-Century Norman LawPerhaps the greatest problem of medieval property law was that third parties and even grantors themselves often challenged transactions, making the lives of grantees miserable with lawsuits or forcible seizures. By the eleventh century, many devices for attempting to forestall or defeat claims were in use and others were in the process of being invented. Tabuteau considers the nature and efficacy of these devices as well as the degree to which the