Africa in Stereo: Modernism, Music, and Pan-African SolidarityAfrica in Stereo analyzes how Africans have engaged with African American music and its representations in the long twentieth century (1890 2011) to offer a new cultural history attesting to pan Africanism's ongoing and open theoretical potential. Tsitsi Jaji argues that African American popular music appealed to continental Africans as a unit of cultural prestige, a site of pleasure, and most importantly, an expressive form already encoded with